نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشکدۀ چندرسانه‌ای، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
زبان انگلیسی دیگر به عنوان تهدیدی برای یکپارچگی یک کشور محسوب نمی‌شود، زیرا نشانگر سبک زندگی و فرهنگ آمریکایی و بریتانیایی نمی‌باشد. اخیرا واژه «انگلیسی‌های جهانی»، باب شده است. در واقع زبان انگلیسی تبدیل به یک زبان جهانی شده است و به ندرت گویشوران انگلیسی آن را به عنوان دارایی خودشان به حساب می‌آورند. اصل لازم این است که آموزش زبان انگلیسی با عرفه‌ای فرهنگی آمیخته و ارائه شود. این رویکرد تاکید دارد که زبان بایستی با فرهنگ آمیخته شده و به همراه جنبه‌های فرهنگی تدریس و فراگرفته شود. ضمنا فرض بر این است که جهانی‌سازی اکثر ملت‌ها را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و یک فرهنگ جهانی به وجود آورده است. یکی از دلایل این ادعا وسایل و کالاهایی هستند که در سراسر جهان استفاده می‌شوند. مقاله حاضر نقش فرهنگ را در رابطه با جهانی‌سازی شدن، شکل‌گیری بافتی، توانش فرهنگی، مطالب درسی، زبان‌آموزان و معلمان بررسی می‌کند. نکته مهمی که این مطلب به آن تاکید می‌کند، تفاوت‌های بین موقعیت‌هایی است که در آنها زبان تدریس و فراگرفته می‌شود: موقعیت انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی و موقعیت انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم. امید بر این است که این مطالعه برای تهیه و تدوین مطالب درسی، معلمان زبان و برنامه‌ریزان درسی مفید واقع شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Afros, E., & Schryer, C. F. (2009). The genre of syllabus in higher education. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 8(3), 224-233.
Alderson, J. C. & Beretta, A. (Eds.). (1996). Evaluating second language education. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Aliakbari, M. (2004). The place of culture in the Iranian ELT textbooks in high school level. The Linguistic Journal, 4, 1-14.
Alvarez, I. (2007). Foreign language education at the crossroads: Whose model of competence? Language, Culture and Curriculum, 20(2), 126-136.
Baker, W. (2012). From cultural awareness to intercultural awareness: Culture in ELT. ELT Journal, 66(1), 62-70
Bhatia, V. K. (2001). The power and politics of genre. In A. Burns & C. Coffin (Eds.). Analyzing English in a global context (pp. 65-77). London, England: Routledge.
Block, D. (2004). Globalization and language teaching. ELT Journal, 58(1), 75-77.
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (4th ed.). New York, NY: Longman.
Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Longman.
Byram, M. (1989). Cultural studies in foreign language education. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Byram, M., & Risager, K. (1999). Language teachers, politics and culture. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Carrier, M. (1997). ELT online: The rise of the Internet. ELT Journal 51(3), 279- 309.
Corrius, M., & Pujol, D. (2010). Linguistic and cultural strategies in ELT dictionaries. ELT Journal, 64(2), 135-142.
Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. X. (1999). Cultural mirrors: Materials and methods in the EFL classroom. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Culture in second language teaching and learning (pp. 196-219). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Culhane, S. F. (2004). An intercultural interaction model: Acculturation attitudes in second language acquisition. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. 1(1), 50-61.
Dei, G., James, I. M., Karumancherry, L. L., James-Wilson, S., & Zine, J. (2000). Removing the margins: The challenges and possibilities of inclusive schooling. Toronto, Cadanda: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Dogancay-Aktuna, S. (2006). Expanding the socio-cultural knowledge base of TESOL teacher education. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19(3), 278- 295.
Fiorito, C. (2000). Foreign language and culture: Some background and some ideas on teaching. NASSP Bulletin, 80, 30-34.
Guest, M. (2002). A critical ‘checkbook’ for culture teaching and learning. ELT Journal, 56(2), 154-161.
Harmer, J. (2003). Popular culture, methods, and context. ELT Journal, 56(2), 288-294.
Harumi, I. (2002). A new framework of culture teaching for teaching English as a global language. RELC Journal, 33(2), 36-57.
Held, D., & McGrew, A. (2003). The great globalization debate: An introduction. In D. Held & A. McGrew (Eds.), The global transformations reader: An introduction to the globalization debate (pp. 1-45). Cambridge, England: Polity.
Holliday, H. (1994). Appropriate methodology and social context. Cambridge, England: CUP.
Hyland, K. (2006). English for academic purposes. London, England: Routledge.
Jackson, J. (2004). Language and culture immersion: An ethnographic case study. RELC Journal, 35, 261-279.
Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, conditions and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the worlds: Teaching and learning the language and literatures (pp. 11-30). Cambridge, England: CUP.
Kennedy, C. J. (2001). Language use, language planning and EAP. In J. Flowerdew & M. Peacock (Eds.), Research perspectives on English for academic purposes (pp. 25-41). Cambridge, England: CUP.
Khajavi, Y., & Abbasian, R. (2011). English language teaching, national identity and globalization in Iran: The case of public schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(10), 181-186.
Kiss, T., & Weninger, C. (2016). Cultural learning in the EFL classroom: The role of visuals. ELT Journal, 71(2), 186-196.
Kramsch, C. (2004). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Leather, S. (2001). Training across cultures: Content, process, and dialogue. ELT Journal, 55(33), 228-237.
Lewis, M., & McCook, F. (2002). Cultures of teaching: Voices from Vietnam. ELT Journal, 55(33), 146-153.
Lin, A. M. Y. (2001). Doing-English-lessons in the reproduction or transformation of social worlds? In C. N. Candlin & N. Mercer (Eds.), English language teaching in its social context (pp. 271-286). London, England: Routledge.
Linder, D. (2004). The Internet in every classroom? Using outside computers. ELT Journal, 58(1), 10-17.
McKay, S. (2003). Teaching English as an international language: The Chilean context. ELT Journal, 57(2), 139-148.
Mozaffarzadeh, S., & Ajideh, P. (2019). Intercultural competence: A neglected essential in the Iranian ELT textbooks. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 7(2), 167-183.
Naji Meidani, E., & Pishghadam, R. (2013). Analysis of English language textbooks in the light of English as an International Language (EIL): A comparative study. International journal of research studies in language learning, 2(2), 83-96.
Nault, D. (2006). Going global: Rethinking culture teaching in ELT contexts. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19(3), 314-328.
Pennycook, A. (1994). The cultural politics of English as an international language. London, England: Longman.
Pishghadam, R. (2011). Introducing applied ELT as a new paradigm. Iranian EFL Journal, 7(2), 9-20.
Pishghadam, R., & Naji Meidani, E. (2012). Applied ELT as a panacea for linguistic imperialism. Iranian EFL Journal, 8(1), 35-52.
Pishghadam, R., & Sadeghi, M. (2011). Culture and identity change among Iranian EFL teachers. Ozean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 147-162.
Prabhu, N. S. (1990). There is no best method – why? TESOL Quarterly, 24(2), 161- 76.
Rajagopalan, K. (1999). Of EFL teachers, conscience and cowardice. ELT Journal, 53(3), 200-206.
Risager, K. (2011). The cultural dimensions of language teaching and learning. Language Teaching, 44(4), 485-499.
Rowsell, J., Sztainbok, V., & Blaney, J. (2007). Losing strangeness: Using culture to mediate ESL teaching. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 20(2), 140-154.
Sándorová, Z. (2016). The intercultural component in an EFL course-book package. Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 4(3), 178-203.
Sharif, M., & Yarmohammadi, L. (2013). Culture, national identity, and globalization between the lines of reading comprehension texts in Iran. Linguistics and Translation, 56, 13452-13455.
Shin, J., Eslami, Z. R., & Chen, W. (2011). Presentation of local and international culture in current international English-language teaching textbooks. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 24(3), 253-268.
Sowden, C. (2007). Culture and the ‘good teacher’ in the English language classroom. ELT Journal, 61(4), 304-310.
Tseng, Y. H. (2002) A lesson in culture. ELT Journal, 56(1), 11-21.
Tsou, W. (2005). The effects of cultural instruction on foreign language learning. RELC Journal, 36(1), 39-57.
Weninger, C., & Kiss, T. (2013). Culture in English as a foreign language (EFL) textbook: A semiotic approach. TESOL Quarterly, 47(4), 694-716.
Widdowson, H. G. (1998). Communication and community: The pragmatics of ESP. English for Specific Purposes, 17(1), 3-14.
Zhao, S. Y., & Bitchener, J. (2007). Incidental focus on form in teacher-learner and learner-learner interactions. System 35(4), 431-447.
)
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله