Language and Translation Studies (LTS)

Abstract Anxiety plays a significant role in learning and especially in learning foreign languages. It should be noted that this kind of feelings may become an insoluble problem in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) for students and even lead to dropping out among them. The current study used the capacity of existing studies in this field, which have expanded more in recent years, and especially the relevant articles in 2023 and 2024. By combining psychological studies in the field of anxiety with educational studies in this field, a comprehensive and practical summary was obtained. By deriving 23 strategies of reducing foreign language anxiety in the classrooms teaching English as a foreign language, this study contributes to the development of students' linguistic abilities and the teaching improvements in English language institutions of Iran.

Abstract This study aims to identify the magazines and publishers influencing the introduction and translation of American fiction from the beginning to the late 1960s. First, the list of short stories and novels translated during the period under study was extracted from the bibliographies and other related resources and the bibliography of American novels and short stories translated into Persian from the beginning to the end of 1970 was compiled. Then, given the information in the compiled bibliography, those publishers that had a significant role in introducing American works to Iranians as well as in the flourishing of the translation of these works in the 1950s and the 1960s, were identified. The results suggest that the translation of American stories began piecemeal in the 1920s through institutions such as Khavar and Beryani Shabestari and flourished from the late 1940s to the 1960s with the establishment of institutions such as Ibn-e Sina, Amirkabir, Keyhan and particularly, Franklin Book Program.

Abstract One of the features in nonsense style is the related character which can be studied from different angles. One of the stylistic areas in which nonsense characters have received less attention is the aspect of how they interact with Grice’s rules for linguistic cooperation or cooperative principles. Then, one should examine how the character of that work interacts with Grice’s rules: does he always deal with these rules in a fixed way or in a variable way? The result can lead to a better understanding of the character(s) of the nonsense style, which in turn will bring us closer to the definition of what some thinkers consider undefinable for this style. The present research first shows how J. D. Salinger’s A Perfect Day for Bananafish belongs to the nonsense genre, and then proves that the relationship between nonsense characters and the Gricean maxims are variable and complex.

Abstract Employing Hermans’ (2022) approach to translation historiography and drawing on Baker’s (2006) narrative theory along with the notion of framing through selective appropriation, this study focuses on the first forty-one issues of Ruznameh-ye Vaqaye’e Etefaqiyeh to investigate the role of translation in challenging the discourse of royal despotism and crystallizing the discourse of progress as a result in Iran under Qajar dynasty. To do so, first the translated section in the newspaper was analyzed to see what texts had been selected for translation. The data was then organized around some themes to see how the selected news had (re)narrated the royal despotism discourse. The results showed that the greatest number of news items had concentrated on political/intellectual developments in Europe which clearly undermined the discourse in question

Abstract This paper conducts a postcolonial analysis of A. J. Arberry's 1960 English translation of the Taḏkerat al-awliāʾ (Memorial of God's Friends) by Farid ud-Din ʿAṭṭār. While ʿAṭṭār's 12th-century biographical compilation offers profound insights into Persian Sufi traditions through its portraits of Islamic mystics, Arberry's translation reflects mid-20th century orientalist perspectives common among Western scholars. Through close examination of Arberry's translation strategies, including selective abridgement, extractive appropriation, interpretive additions, mythologizing language, and reductive section divisions, this study reveals how his orientalist positioning influenced his rendering of the text. The analysis demonstrates how Arberry's ideological framework led him to reshape ʿAṭṭār's work to align with Western expectations and colonial attitudes, thereby reinforcing unequal power dynamics in cross-cultural representation. The paper argues that Arberry's translation choices, from his organizational framework to his selective emphasis, ultimately serve to filter this seminal Persian text through a distinctly orientalist lens.

Abstract Deaf individuals represent a small segment of the population, yet their recognition as third language learners in multilingual societies is increasing. This article reviews foreign language learning, particularly English, among deaf and hard-of-hearing learners in Iran, and examines challenges in foreign language education and teaching methodologies. It analyzes various disability models, including the medical and social models, and their impact on the educational experiences of deaf individuals. The importance of sign language as the primary language for deaf individuals is emphasized, highlighting the need for proficiency in this language to improve their linguistic and cognitive skills. Learning methods, such as auditory and visual techniques, are discussed as well. Additionally, the article addresses limitations in English education in Iran and stresses the need for teachers to be proficient in sign language, while suggesting ways to enhance awareness of deaf culture, design curriculum content, and create accessible educational environments.