Document Type : Research Article
Author
Faculty of Multimedia, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
The English language has become a global means of communication and is not considered as a threat to the integrity of non-English speaking countries because it does not embody Western way of life and culture. In recent decades, the new concept of world “Englishes” is used to symbolize this trend. The English language is considered as a globalized language and their native speakers hardly claim it as their exclusive property. The English language teaching should be inculcated with cultural traditions. This attitude upholds that language preferably be intermingled with culture and be learned and taught along with cultural norms. It is presumed that globalization has impacted the nations around the world and a global culture has been formed. For example, we can see the same or similar goods or foods that are used all around the globe. The present study explores the role of culture concerning globalization, contextual shaping, cultural competence, instructional materials, learners and teachers. The key points that this study accentuates are the differences in terms of contexts in which English language is taught and acquired, in other words, EFL/ESL situations.
Keywords
Afros, E., & Schryer, C. F. (2009). The genre of syllabus in higher education. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 8(3), 224-233.
Alderson, J. C. & Beretta, A. (Eds.). (1996). Evaluating second language education. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Aliakbari, M. (2004). The place of culture in the Iranian ELT textbooks in high school level. The Linguistic Journal, 4, 1-14.
Alvarez, I. (2007). Foreign language education at the crossroads: Whose model of competence? Language, Culture and Curriculum, 20(2), 126-136.
Baker, W. (2012). From cultural awareness to intercultural awareness: Culture in ELT. ELT Journal, 66(1), 62-70
Bhatia, V. K. (2001). The power and politics of genre. In A. Burns & C. Coffin (Eds.). Analyzing English in a global context (pp. 65-77). London, England: Routledge.
Block, D. (2004). Globalization and language teaching. ELT Journal, 58(1), 75-77.
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (4th ed.). New York, NY: Longman.
Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Longman.
Byram, M. (1989). Cultural studies in foreign language education. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Byram, M., & Risager, K. (1999). Language teachers, politics and culture. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Carrier, M. (1997). ELT online: The rise of the Internet. ELT Journal 51(3), 279- 309.
Corrius, M., & Pujol, D. (2010). Linguistic and cultural strategies in ELT dictionaries. ELT Journal, 64(2), 135-142.
Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. X. (1999). Cultural mirrors: Materials and methods in the EFL classroom. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Culture in second language teaching and learning (pp. 196-219). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Culhane, S. F. (2004). An intercultural interaction model: Acculturation attitudes in second language acquisition. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. 1(1), 50-61.
Dei, G., James, I. M., Karumancherry, L. L., James-Wilson, S., & Zine, J. (2000). Removing the margins: The challenges and possibilities of inclusive schooling. Toronto, Cadanda: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Dogancay-Aktuna, S. (2006). Expanding the socio-cultural knowledge base of TESOL teacher education. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19(3), 278- 295.
Fiorito, C. (2000). Foreign language and culture: Some background and some ideas on teaching. NASSP Bulletin, 80, 30-34.
Guest, M. (2002). A critical ‘checkbook’ for culture teaching and learning. ELT Journal, 56(2), 154-161.
Harmer, J. (2003). Popular culture, methods, and context. ELT Journal, 56(2), 288-294.
Harumi, I. (2002). A new framework of culture teaching for teaching English as a global language. RELC Journal, 33(2), 36-57.
Held, D., & McGrew, A. (2003). The great globalization debate: An introduction. In D. Held & A. McGrew (Eds.), The global transformations reader: An introduction to the globalization debate (pp. 1-45). Cambridge, England: Polity.
Holliday, H. (1994). Appropriate methodology and social context. Cambridge, England: CUP.
Hyland, K. (2006). English for academic purposes. London, England: Routledge.
Jackson, J. (2004). Language and culture immersion: An ethnographic case study. RELC Journal, 35, 261-279.
Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, conditions and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the worlds: Teaching and learning the language and literatures (pp. 11-30). Cambridge, England: CUP.
Kennedy, C. J. (2001). Language use, language planning and EAP. In J. Flowerdew & M. Peacock (Eds.), Research perspectives on English for academic purposes (pp. 25-41). Cambridge, England: CUP.
Khajavi, Y., & Abbasian, R. (2011). English language teaching, national identity and globalization in Iran: The case of public schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(10), 181-186.
Kiss, T., & Weninger, C. (2016). Cultural learning in the EFL classroom: The role of visuals. ELT Journal, 71(2), 186-196.
Kramsch, C. (2004). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Leather, S. (2001). Training across cultures: Content, process, and dialogue. ELT Journal, 55(33), 228-237.
Lewis, M., & McCook, F. (2002). Cultures of teaching: Voices from Vietnam. ELT Journal, 55(33), 146-153.
Lin, A. M. Y. (2001). Doing-English-lessons in the reproduction or transformation of social worlds? In C. N. Candlin & N. Mercer (Eds.), English language teaching in its social context (pp. 271-286). London, England: Routledge.
Linder, D. (2004). The Internet in every classroom? Using outside computers. ELT Journal, 58(1), 10-17.
McKay, S. (2003). Teaching English as an international language: The Chilean context. ELT Journal, 57(2), 139-148.
Mozaffarzadeh, S., & Ajideh, P. (2019). Intercultural competence: A neglected essential in the Iranian ELT textbooks. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 7(2), 167-183.
Naji Meidani, E., & Pishghadam, R. (2013). Analysis of English language textbooks in the light of English as an International Language (EIL): A comparative study. International journal of research studies in language learning, 2(2), 83-96.
Nault, D. (2006). Going global: Rethinking culture teaching in ELT contexts. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19(3), 314-328.
Pennycook, A. (1994). The cultural politics of English as an international language. London, England: Longman.
Pishghadam, R. (2011). Introducing applied ELT as a new paradigm. Iranian EFL Journal, 7(2), 9-20.
Pishghadam, R., & Naji Meidani, E. (2012). Applied ELT as a panacea for linguistic imperialism. Iranian EFL Journal, 8(1), 35-52.
Pishghadam, R., & Sadeghi, M. (2011). Culture and identity change among Iranian EFL teachers. Ozean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 147-162.
Prabhu, N. S. (1990). There is no best method – why? TESOL Quarterly, 24(2), 161- 76.
Rajagopalan, K. (1999). Of EFL teachers, conscience and cowardice. ELT Journal, 53(3), 200-206.
Risager, K. (2011). The cultural dimensions of language teaching and learning. Language Teaching, 44(4), 485-499.
Rowsell, J., Sztainbok, V., & Blaney, J. (2007). Losing strangeness: Using culture to mediate ESL teaching. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 20(2), 140-154.
Sándorová, Z. (2016). The intercultural component in an EFL course-book package. Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 4(3), 178-203.
Sharif, M., & Yarmohammadi, L. (2013). Culture, national identity, and globalization between the lines of reading comprehension texts in Iran. Linguistics and Translation, 56, 13452-13455.
Shin, J., Eslami, Z. R., & Chen, W. (2011). Presentation of local and international culture in current international English-language teaching textbooks. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 24(3), 253-268.
Sowden, C. (2007). Culture and the ‘good teacher’ in the English language classroom. ELT Journal, 61(4), 304-310.
Tseng, Y. H. (2002) A lesson in culture. ELT Journal, 56(1), 11-21.
Tsou, W. (2005). The effects of cultural instruction on foreign language learning. RELC Journal, 36(1), 39-57.
Weninger, C., & Kiss, T. (2013). Culture in English as a foreign language (EFL) textbook: A semiotic approach. TESOL Quarterly, 47(4), 694-716.
Widdowson, H. G. (1998). Communication and community: The pragmatics of ESP. English for Specific Purposes, 17(1), 3-14.
Zhao, S. Y., & Bitchener, J. (2007). Incidental focus on form in teacher-learner and learner-learner interactions. System 35(4), 431-447.
', './data/jlts/coversheet/131625691490.jpg'))
Send comment about this article