نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

پدیدۀ فرسایش زبانی به‌عنوان مانع مهمی در روند یادگیری زبان، به مفهوم فراموشی و اُفت مهارت­‌های زبانی بوده که براثر نبود تماس زبانی و یا دوری از محیط­‌های آموزشی به وجود می‌­آید. در مهارت­‌های تولیدی، جنبه­‌های متفاوتی ازجمله میزان دقّت، روانی و پیچیدگی مورد هدف این پدیده قرار می­‌گیرند. این مقاله به بررسی تأثیر فرسایش زبان خارجی بر میزان دقّت، روانی و پیچیدگی مهارت گفتاری زبان‌آموزان ایرانی می‌پردازد. به این منظور، در پژوهش حاضر 37 نفر از فراگیران زن و مرد زبان انگلیسی در بازۀ سنی 18 تا 35 سال و با سطح مهارت گفتاری متوسط و پیشرفته بر اساس روش «نمونه­‌گیری در دسترس» انتخاب شدند. همچنین جهت ارزیابی توانایی صحبت کردن شرکت‌­کنندگان، از آزمون آزمایشی «آیلتس» در قالب موضوعات مختلف در چهار مرحلۀ پژوهش و در طیّ یک دورۀ نُه‌ماهه (در ابتدای مطالعه، سه ماه، شش ماه و نه ماه پس از قطع فرایند یادگیری زبان) استفاده شد. برای پاسخ به سؤالات تحقیق، از آزمون «ANOVA» با مدل اندازه­‌گیری مکرّر استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد فرسایش، تأثیر قابل ­توجّهی بر متغیر پیچیدگی دارد. همچنین از نظر دقّت زبانی نیز اختلاف معنی‌­داری در هر چهار مرحلۀ مطالعه مشاهده گردید. به‌طور مشابه، در ارتباط با متغیر روانی کلامی، نتایج حکایت از تأثیر قابل توجّه فرسایش بر این جنبه از گفتار دارد. افزون بر این، نتایج مربوط به‌ اندازۀ اثر نشان می‌دهد که فرسایش، بیشترین تأثیر را بر روانی و کم‌ترین تأثیر را بر دقّت گفتار دارد. درمجموع، نتایج نشانگر آسیب­‌پذیری قابل توجّه کلّیۀ جنبه­‌های مهارت صحبت کردن در مقابل فرسایش زبانی است.

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