Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 English Department, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of English Language and Literature, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

3 Reproductive Health Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Using a parallel design, this interventional study explored the effectiveness of robot-enhanced LMOOCs in learning Persian for nursing purposes skills education among 229 non-Iranian students at the Medical University of Isfahan. After conducting a Persian proficiency test, the participants were randomly divided into three groups, namely, CLMOOC, XLMOOC and blended LMOOC to interact with telepresence robots; this way, the arrangement was made for conducting 16 sessions for practicing Persian for nursing purposes through the robot-enhanced LMOOCs. In parallel, the participants’ receptive and productive skills were assessed in the healthcare field. The study was completed through a focus-group interview. While the quantitative data were analyzed through the Repeated Measures ANOVA procedure, the qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed the functionality of the robot-enhanced LMOOCs in Persian for nursing purposes skills education. The CLMOOC appeared as a highly efficient course for boosting the functionality of the robot-enhanced LMOOCs in Persian for nursing purposes skills education. The participants believed that playing an active role in developing the scenes of LMOOCs can help boost the functionality of LMOOCs in Persian for nursing purposes skills education. The findings could be useful for the medical college authorities who are interested in using new LMOOCs in higher education.

Keywords

اکبری، ز. (1397). زبان با اهداف مامایی. انتشارات دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان.
اکبری، ز. (1398). زبان با اهداف اطاق عمل. انتشارات دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان.
جویبار، ل. (1389، مهر). روش‌هایی که مهارت‌های بالینی کلی را ارزیابی می‌کنند: مینی.سی.ایکس + 360 درجه. https://b2n.ir/z90018
خزائی، س.، مشهدی، م.، و ترابی، ر. (1399). بررسی کارآیی آموزش متنوع مبتنی بر ربات در یادگیری فن ترجمه انگلیسی با اهداف پزشکی و کیفیت درمان. مطالعات زبان و ترجمه، 53(2)، 57-94. https://doi.org/10.22067/lts.v52i4.84415
سعیدی، ز.، و تهوری، ز. (1398). تحلیلی بر عامل روانشناختی ترس از فناوری و دانش رایانه‌ای در مدرسان آموزش زبان فارسی به غیر فارسی‌زبانان. علم زبان، 6(10)، 243-266.  https://doi.org/10.22054/ls.2019.21914.1079  
سودمندافشار، ح.، و حافظ، ف. (1397). ارزیابی کتاب درسی انگلیسی تخصصی برای دانشجویان رشتۀ کامپیوتر (انتشارات سمت): دیدگاه دانشجویان و مدرسان زبان تخصصی رشتۀ کامپیوتر. مطالعات زبان و ترجمه، 51(3)، 33-74. https://doi.org/10.22067/lts.v51i3.78637
صفارمقدم، ا. (1392). تفاوت‌های گفتار و نوشتار در آموزش مهارت گفتاری زبان فارسی به غیرفارسی. زبانشناخت، 4(2)،  140-115.
طالبی، س.، و علی‌آبادی، خ. (1398). موک: راهبردی مؤثر در آموزش و یادگیری برخط. شرکت چاپ و نشر بازرگانی.
قاسم‌تبار، ع.، و زارعی زوارکی، ا. (1399). مبانی نظری و عملی کاربرد اینترنت در فرایند تدریس و یادگیری. آوای نور.
کیهانى، ع.، برکت، ف.، اکبرى، ز.، و ترابى،  ر. (1397). انگلیسی برای دانشجویان پرستاری. انتشارات سمت.
میردهقان، م.، و طاهرلو، ف. (1390). تأثیر فرهنگ ایرانی در آموزش زبان فارسی به غیر فارسی ‌زبانان. ادبیات پارسی معاصر، 1(2)، 131-115.
 
Abeysekera, L., & Dawson, P. (2015). Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: Definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research & Development, 34(1), 1-14. https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/ 07294360. 2014.934336
Al-Imarah, A. A., Shields, R., & Kamm, R. (2021). Is quality assurance compatible with technological innovation? Case studies of massive open online courses (MOOCs) in the United Kingdom higher education. Quality in Higher Education, 27(1), 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2021.1830474
Alsamadani, H. A. (2017). Needs analysis in ESP context: Saudi engineering students as a case study. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(6), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.6p.58
Asadi Aidinlou, N. A., Alemi, M., Farjami, F., & Makhdoumi, M. (2014). Applications of robot-assisted language learning (RALL) in language learning and teaching. International Journal of Language and Linguistics2(3-1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.s.2014020301.12
Bárkányi, Z. (2021). Motivation, self-efficacy beliefs, and speaking anxiety in language MOOCs. ReCALL, 33(2), 143-160.‏ https:// doi.org/ 10.1017/ S0958344021000033
Bikowski, D., Park, H. K., & Tytko, T. (2022). Teaching large-enrollment online language courses: Faculty perspectives and an emerging curricular model. System, 105, 102711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102711
Chan, C. S. (2021). Helping university students discover their workplace communication needs: An eclectic and interdisciplinary approach to facilitating on-the-job learning of workplace communication. English for Specific Purposes, 64, 55-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.07.002
Chan, Y. K., Hsieh, M. Y., & Usak, M. (2021). A concrete study on social-media connection of global literacy abilities in MOOCs under the dual impacts of lower birth-rate and covid-19. Sustainability13(4), 2203. https:// doi.org/ 10.3390/ su13042203
Chen Hsieh, J. (2021). Digital storytelling outcomes and emotional experience among middle school EFL learners: Robot-assisted versus PowerPoint-assisted mode. TESOL Quarterly, 55(3), 994-1010.  https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3043
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The psychologist26(2), 120-123.
Cowen, V. S., Kaufman, D., & Schoenherr, L. (2016). A review of creative and expressive writing as a pedagogical tool in medical education. Medical Education50(3), 311-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12878
Fan, J., Zheng, P., & Li, S. (2022). Vision-based holistic scene understanding towards proactive human–robot collaboration. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 75, 102304. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.rcim. 2021. 102304
Golpour, L. (2019). Development of a writing skill test for non-Persian learners: Approaches and analysis of errors. Journal of Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages8(TOME 17), 41-64. https:// doi.org/ 10.30479 /jtpso l.2018. 1548
Han, S., & Lee, M. K. (2022). FAQ chatbot and inclusive learning in massive open online courses. Computers and Education, 179, 104395. https:// doi.org/ 10. 1016/ j.compedu. 2021.104395
Hew, K. F., Hu, X., Qiao, C., & Tang, Y. (2020). What predicts student satisfaction with MOOCs: A gradient boosting trees supervised machine learning and sentiment analysis approach. Computers and Education145, 103724. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.compedu.2019.103724
Joksimović, S., Dowell, N., Poquet, O., Kovanović, V., Gašević, D., Dawson, S., & Graesser, A. C. (2018). Exploring development of social capital in a CMOOC through language and discourse. The Internet and Higher Education36, 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.09.004
Lambert, S. R. (2020). Do MOOCs contribute to student equity and social inclusion? A systematic review 2014–18. Computers and Education145, 103693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103693
Lee, H., & Lee, J. H. (2022). The effects of robot-assisted language learning: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 35, 100425. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016 /j.edurev. 2021.100425
Lee, S., Noh, H., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lee, G. G., Sagong, S., & Kim, M. (2011). On the effectiveness of robot-assisted language learning. ReCALL23(1), 25-58. https:// doi.org/ 10.1017/S0958344010000273
Liao, J., & Lu, X. (2018). Exploring the affordances of telepresence robots in foreign language learning. Language Learning & Technology22(3), 20-32.
Llema, C. F., & Vilela-Malabanan, C. M. (2019). Design and development of MLERWS: A user-centered mobile application for English reading and writing skills. Procedia Computer Science161, 1002-1010. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.procs.2019.11.210
Malmström, H., Pecorari, D., & Shaw, P. (2018). Words for what? Contrasting university students’ receptive and productive academic vocabulary needs. English for Specific Purposes50, 28-39. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.esp .2017. 11.002
Martín-Monje, E., & Borthwick, K. (2021). Researching massive open online courses for language teaching and learning. ReCALL33(2), 107-110.‏ https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344021000094
Martín-Monje, E., Castrillo, M. D., & Mañana-Rodríguez, J. (2018). Understanding online interaction in language MOOCs through learning analytics. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(3), 251-272.‏ https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/ 09588221. 2017.1378237
Milota, M. M., van Thiel, G. J., & van Delden, J. J. (2019). Narrative medicine as a medical education tool: A systematic review. Medical Teacher41(7), 802-810. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2019.1584274
Mirdehghan, M., & Taherlou, F. (2013). Tasir farhang Irani dar âmuzesh zabân farsi be gheir-e farsi zabânân [The impact of Iranian culture on teaching Persian to speakers of other languages]. Journal of Contemporary Persian Literature, 1(2), 115-131.
Motzo, A., & Proudfoot, A. (2017). MOOCs for language learning – opportunities and challenges: The case of the Open University Italian beginners’ MOOCs. In Q. Kan & S. Bax (Eds), Beyond the language classroom: Researching MOOCs and other innovations (pp. 85-97). Research-publishing.net.
Murphy, M. P. (2017). Using active-learning pedagogy to develop essay-writing skills in introductory political theory tutorials. Journal of Political Science Education13(3), 346-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2017.1328683
Pierce, C. A. (2017). Based integrated reading and writing course development Journal of Developmental Education40(2), 23-34.
Saeedi, Z., & Tohuri, Z. (2018). Tahlili bar âmel ravanshenakhti tars âz fanavari va danesh rayanie dar modaresan âmuzesh zaban farsi be gheir-e farsi zabânân [An investigation of the psychological factor of technophobia and computer literacy in instructors of Persian to non-native learners]. Journal of Language Science, 6(10), 243-266. https://doi.org/10.22054/ls.2019.21914.1079
Safarmoqadam, A. (2012). Tavafothay-e goftar vâ neveshtar dar âmuzesh maharat-e goftari zaban farsi be gheir farsi [Differences between Spoken and Written Persian in Teaching Speaking to Non-Persian Speakers]. Zabanshenakht, 4(2), 115-140.
Sallam, M. H., Martín-Monje, E., & Li, Y. (2020). Research trends in language MOOC studies: A systematic review of the published literature (2012-2018). Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(2), 1-28.‏ https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/ 09588221. 2020.1744668
Sunar, A. S., Abbasi, R. A., Davis, H. C., White, S., & Aljohani, N. R. (2020). Modelling MOOC learners’ social behaviors. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 105835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.013
Taherdoost, H. (2018). Development of an adoption model to assess user acceptance of e-service technology: E-Service technology acceptance model. Behaviour & Information Technology, 37(2), 173-197. https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/ 0144929X. 2018.1427793
Thomas, M. (2017). Project-based language learning with technology: Learner collaboration in an EFL classroom in Japan. Routledge.
Tremblay, A. (2011). Proficiency assessment standards in second language acquisition research: Closing the gap. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(3), 339-372. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263111000015
van den Berghe, R., Verhagen, J., Oudgenoeg-Paz, O., Van der Ven, S., & Leseman, P. (2019). Social robots for language learning: A review. Review of Educational Research, 89(2), 259-295. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654318821286
Wang, Z., Anderson, T., Chen, L., & Barbera, E. (2017). Interaction pattern analysis in cMOOCs based on the connectivist interaction and engagement framework. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(2), 683-699. https:// doi.org/ 10.1111/ bjet.12433
Yang, B., Tang, H., Hao, L., & Rose, J. R. (2022). Untangling chaos in discussion forums: A temporal analysis of topic-relevant forum posts in MOOCs. Computers & Education, 178, 104402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104402
Zeng, S., Zhang, J., Gao, M., Xu, K. M., & Zhang, J. (2020). Using learning analytics to understand collective attention in language MOOCs. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(1), 1-26.‏ https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/ 09588221. 2020. 1825094
Zhu, M., Bonk, C. J., & Sari, A. R. (2018). Instructor experiences designing MOOCs in higher education: Pedagogical, resource, and logistical considerations and challenges. Online Learning22(4), 203-241.
CAPTCHA Image