Translation Studies
Ali Najafzadeh; Saeed Ameri
Abstract
Theatrical performances, such as lamentation have always been part of Iranian society and have a long history. However, theater as a cultural and modern phenomenon was introduced to Iranian society in the late Qajar period. In theater, the content of the show, the performance or acting style, and the ...
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Theatrical performances, such as lamentation have always been part of Iranian society and have a long history. However, theater as a cultural and modern phenomenon was introduced to Iranian society in the late Qajar period. In theater, the content of the show, the performance or acting style, and the language used to convey concepts are three crucial elements. Historical studies and translation studies have so far addressed various aspects of theater translation. Nevertheless, the role of language and translation in theater in Mashhad, especially from the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution, has been virtually ignored. This paper aims to examine the language and translation as two main elements of theater in Mashhad and analyzes what changes Mashhad’s theater experienced from the first performances in the late Qajar period to the Islamic Revolution. In doing so, drawing on a library method, primary sources, including all Mashhad newspapers from the Constitutional period to the Islamic Revolution, such as Aftab-e-Shargh, Azadi, Bahar, Chaman, Khorasan, Seda-ye Khorasan, Nava-ye Khorasan, etc., were investigated and all the themes related to the theater were extracted. Then, using research and secondary sources, the results related to language and translation were presented in a descriptive-analytical manner. Findings suggest that the early forms of theaters in Mashhad were performed in Turkish. Then Turkish translation was replaced by theaters in Persian. In the first Pahlavi era, the translation of Russian works flourished in Iran, and the translation of prominent Turkish, English, and French works was also added to this trend since 1951. During this period, the quality of translation significantly declined as adaptation or free translation became the norm in play translation. In the 1960s, with the emergence of new theater groups in Mashhad, Persian became the dominant language of this art in Mashhad.
Ali Roohai; Somayeh Akbarpour
Abstract
Gender is still one distinction in our society as well as textbooks, which is the core of materials in second/foreignlanguage learning/teaching. Gender bias and inequality can exert particular ideologies on learners and negatively affect their views about language learning. This study is an attempt to ...
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Gender is still one distinction in our society as well as textbooks, which is the core of materials in second/foreignlanguage learning/teaching. Gender bias and inequality can exert particular ideologies on learners and negatively affect their views about language learning. This study is an attempt to investigate gender representation in American English File, commonly taught at advanced levels in some language laboratories and schools in Iran. To this end, a content analysis was done on the texts and pictures in terms of the order of gender presentation in a phrase, the type of occupations for each gender, the references to famous male and female characters in the textbook. Theresults from the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed that there was not a balanced representation of females and males in this instructional textbook, though published in a western country, and female representation, to some extent, was based on the stereotypical and hegemonic gender roles and prejudices.
